Fig 1: Meldonium treatment attenuated hypoxia-induced lung injury and regulated hypoxia-enhanced glycolysis. (A) Histopathology of mouse lungs stained with haematoxylin and eosin (200×, n = 7). Black arrowheads indicate haemorrhage, blue arrowheads indicate alveolar wall thickening and alveolar epithelial cell hyperplasia, red arrowheads indicate inflammatory cell infiltration, yellow arrowheads indicate alveolar atrophy, and green arrowheads indicate protein mucus. (B) Lung injury score in vivo (n = 7). (C) AQP1 and AQP4 protein expression in lung tissues of lung injury mice (n = 7–8). (D) Cell viability in vitro (n = 6). (E) Blood gas parameters in mice after hypoxia for 24 h (n = 5–11). (F) Lactate concentration in the supernatant of cell culture medium in vitro (n = 5). (G) Extra cellular acidification rate (ECAR) diagram; glycolysis and glycolytic capacity were detected using the Glyco Stress Test Kit in vitro (n = 5–6). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) test. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 compared with the control group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with the hypoxia group.